News of the Week

Publications shine spotlight on biomedical sciences research

 

Several faculty members in the College of Medicine Department of Biomedical Sciences have authored noteworthy studies in 2019. Among them, Professor Yi Ren published a study in Nature Neuroscience shedding light on new developments in understanding spinal cord injuries. Her work was featured on FSU Headlines

 

Other recent noteworthy articles published by researchers in the Department of Biomedical Sciences include:

 

Jan. 1, 2019

Lead author and PI Sanjay Kumar, Ph.D., post-doctoral associate Stephen Beesley, graduate student Thomas Sullenberger and colleagues published “Colocalization of distinct NMDA receptor subtypes at excitatory synapses in the entorhinal cortex” in the Journal of Neurophysiology (Vol. 121, Issue 1). The article is in the first percentile (1%) among nearly 13 million research publications tracked by Altmetric for the quality and quantity of online attention it has received (as of Jan. 11, 2019).  Link to published article

Jan. 8, 2019

Robert J. Tomko Jr., Ph.D., authored “An Allosteric Interaction Network Promotes Conformation State-Dependent Eviction of the Nas6 Assembly Chaperone from Nascent 26S Proteasomes” in the online, open-access journal Cell Reports. The study answers a long-standing question regarding how the proteasome is assembled from more than 66 individual protein "parts" and revealed a potential strategy to treat a subset of cancers.  Link to published article

 

Jan. 23, 2019

Branko Stefanovic, Ph.D., was first author for “Discovery and evaluation of inhibitor of LARP6 as specific antifibrotic compound" in the open-access journal Scientific Reports. The study highlights a promising compound that dramatically reduced production of Type I collagen during experimental screening. Type I collagen causes fibrosis – the excessive scarring of internal organs. The most common form is liver fibrosis, a deadly disease for which there presently is no cure.   Link to published article

 

Feb. 1, 2019

Richard Nowakowski, Ph.D., and coauthors Joseph Bundy, Ph.D., and Cynthia Vied, Ph.D., published “Sex-biased hippocampal pathology in the 5XFAD mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease: a multi-omic analysis” in the Journal of Comparative Neurology (Volume 527, Issue 2). The study found early molecular changes representing potential biomarkers for disease development that could become candidates for pharmacological intervention. The study also reaffirms the importance of studying subjects of each sex in animal models to respect differences in molecular pathological mechanisms. Link to published article

 

News of the Week

Satcher speaks of student activism and health equity during Racism Awareness Week

David Satcher

David Satcher, the former U.S. surgeon general and CDC director who began as a civil-rights activist, was the College of Medicine’s Grand Rounds speaker Jan. 17 for Racism Awareness Week.

RAW is an annual student-sponsored series designed to raise awareness of how racial issues in society intersect with health. The week features lectures, workshops and discussions on racism, bias and current events.

Satcher discussed the role of student activism in achieving racial justice and health equity.

“I want to commend you, Dean Fogarty, … and especially the students for being willing to confront the issue of racism,” he said. “And to really work toward creating an environment that recognizes that there’s really no place for racism in our society.” 

The most important policy change the country needs, he said, is universal access to health care.

In his PowerPoint presentation, Satcher emphasized this slide: “In order to eliminate disparities in health and achieve health equity, we need leaders who first care enough, leaders who know enough, leaders who have the courage to do enough and leaders who will persevere until the job is done.”

By "leaders," he was referring not just to physicians or academics but also parents and other concerned community members.

“We can change things,” he said in conclusion. “We can make things better for everybody.”

RAW speakers this year also included Jessica Pryce, director of the Florida Institute for Child Welfare; Elena Reyes, director of the College of Medicine’s Center for Child Stress & Health in Immokalee; and representatives from FSU’s Center for Leadership & Social Change.

Press Release

FSU Research Sheds Light on Spinal Cord Injuries

CONTACT: Doug Carlson, College of Medicine

doug.carlson@med.fsu.edu; (850) 645-1255

 

Jan. 21, 2019

 

FSU RESEARCH SHEDS LIGHT ON SPINAL CORD INJURIES

Study Examines Why So Much Damage Occurs Long After an Accident

 

TALLAHASSEE, Fla. — Thousands of people worldwide suffer severe spinal cord injuries each year, but little is known about why these injuries often continue to deteriorate long after the initial damage occurs.

 

Yi Ren, a professor of biomedical sciences at the Florida State University College of Medicine, is making progress in understanding why such significant harm is inflicted in the weeks and months after a spinal injury. In a study published today in the journal Nature Neuroscience, Ren explained how a natural immune system response may contribute to additional injury.

 

When spinal cord damage occurs, the endothelial cells that line blood vessels are activated to remove potentially harmful material, like myelin debris, from the site of the injury. However, Ren and her team discovered that this process may be responsible for causing further harm.

 

“The consequences of the effort of endothelial cells to clear myelin debris is often severe, contributing to post-traumatic degeneration of the spinal cord and to the functional disabilities often associated with spinal cord injuries,” said Ren, whose team conducted the study over a period of five years.

 

Myelin debris at the injury site comes from a shattering of the insulation protecting axons — the central nervous system’s primary transmission lines.

 

The inflamed area fills with macrophages, a type of white blood cell that engulfs foreign material and dead cells and is a key player in the immune response system. Macrophages remain in the area of the inflammation for months or even years. The mechanisms for macrophage infiltration remain unclear.

 

“Uncontrolled inflammation is one of the most important pathological events in the secondary injury cascade,” Ren said. “It persists for a long period of time following a spinal cord injury. We know that myelin debris acts as an inflammatory stimulus that exacerbates secondary injury by activating other cells in the injured spinal cord that are actively involved in inflammatory responses during disease progression.

 

“Clearing myelin debris generated at the time of injury is critical in controlling the inflammatory response and to ensuring neural regeneration.”

 

Little is known about the cellular and molecular mechanisms at work in clearing myelin debris from the injury site.

 

Ren’s lab demonstrated that debris can be engulfed by blood vessels and endothelial cells in the injured spinal cord. The problem is that once endothelial cells engulf the debris, they are enabled to promote inflammation and the formation of abnormal blood vessels. Those outcomes would inhibit the chances of a full recovery.

 

“Unexpectedly, we found that the process of engulfing debris confers upon endothelial cells the ability to stimulate production of fibrotic components suggesting that these cells have a function in the formation of fibrotic scars,” Ren said. “Specifically, they facilitate the arrival of macrophages derived from bone marrow that ultimately promote chronic inflammation.”

 

Ren said the same findings apply to the central nervous system damage inflicted by multiple sclerosis.

 

With a better understanding of the mechanisms at work, Ren hopes that researchers will find new ways for accident victims to regain lost functional ability without many of the unwanted side effects.

 

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